What is this test?
Colonoscopy is a diagnostic and screening procedure that uses a long, flexible tube equipped with a high-definition camera and light to directly visualize the entire colon (large intestine) and the distal portion of the small intestine (ileum). This allows doctors to carefully examine the lining of the bowel to detect abnormalities that may not be visible through other tests.
What is it used for?

• Detecting precancerous polyps and early-stage colon cancer
• Diagnosing causes of lower gastrointestinal symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or unexplained anemia
• Identifying inflammation linked to conditions like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
• Finding sources of gastrointestinal bleeding or abnormal growths
• Taking biopsies or removing polyps during the procedure for diagnosis or prevention

Who should get this test?

• Adults aged 45 and older as part of routine colorectal cancer screening, or earlier if there is a family history or risk factors
• Patients experiencing symptoms such as persistent changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, or unexplained abdominal pain
• Individuals with a personal or family history of colorectal polyps or cancer
• Patients with inflammatory bowel disease requiring monitoring

Preparation Required:

• A thorough bowel cleansing regimen is essential for a clear view. This typically involves following a special low-residue diet and drinking prescribed laxatives the day before the procedure.
• Patients must fast for several hours before the test.
• Arrange for sedation and transportation home, as the procedure involves sedation for comfort.
• Inform your healthcare provider about medications, allergies, and medical conditions prior to the procedure.

How is the procedure performed?
During the colonoscopy, the patient lies on their side while mild sedation or anesthesia is administered to ensure comfort. A flexible colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and slowly advanced through the entire colon to the cecum, and sometimes into the distal ileum. The camera transmits live images to a monitor, allowing the physician to thoroughly inspect the bowel lining. If polyps, inflammation, or suspicious areas are seen, tools can be passed through the scope to remove polyps or take biopsies. The procedure typically lasts 30 to 60 minutes, depending on findings.
Risks & Safety:
Colonoscopy is a safe and commonly performed procedure with minimal risks. Sedation-related side effects like drowsiness or nausea may occur temporarily. Rare complications include bleeding (especially if biopsies or polypectomy is performed), bowel perforation (a small tear), or infection. Your medical team will discuss these risks and monitor you throughout and after the procedure to ensure safety.
Results:
The gastroenterologist provides a detailed report based on direct visualization of the colon. If biopsies are taken, pathology results usually arrive within several days, helping to confirm diagnoses or guide treatment. Follow-up recommendations are based on the findings, including surveillance intervals for polyp removal or cancer prevention.
Short Statement:
A thorough endoscopic examination of the entire colon using a flexible camera to detect polyps, cancer, inflammation, or bleeding—key for early diagnosis and prevention of colorectal diseases.
Call to Action:
Due for a colon cancer screening or experiencing digestive symptoms? Schedule a Colonoscopy today for a comprehensive, safe, and potentially life-saving examination.