What is this test?
Thyroid ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce detailed images of the thyroid gland located in your neck. This test helps visualize the size, shape, and internal structure of the thyroid and detects any abnormalities such as nodules, cysts, or tumors. It provides crucial information that aids doctors in evaluating thyroid health and deciding whether further diagnostic steps, like biopsies, are necessary.
What is it used for?

• Detecting and characterizing thyroid nodules or masses that may be felt as lumps in the neck or found incidentally on other imaging
• Differentiating cystic (fluid-filled) from solid thyroid lesions to guide clinical decisions
• Assisting in fine-needle aspiration biopsy procedures by accurately targeting suspicious nodules for tissue sampling
• Monitoring known thyroid nodules or cysts over time to observe any changes in size or appearance
• Evaluating thyroid gland enlargement (goiter) or irregularities linked to thyroid dysfunction or suspected cancer

Who should get this test?

• Patients who notice a lump, swelling, or enlargement in the neck area near the thyroid
• Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of thyroid dysfunction such as unexplained weight changes, fatigue, palpitations, or changes in voice
• People with abnormal thyroid function blood tests (e.g., TSH, T3, T4) that suggest thyroid disease
• Those with a family history of thyroid cancer or previous radiation exposure to the neck
• Patients with difficulty swallowing or persistent neck discomfort that may be related to thyroid enlargement or masses

Preparation Required:

• No fasting or special dietary restrictions are needed before the test
• Wear comfortable, loose clothing or a top that allows easy access to the neck area to facilitate the ultrasound procedure
• No medications need to be stopped before the scan

How is the procedure performed?
During the scan, you will lie comfortably on your back on an examination table with your neck gently extended to expose the thyroid region fully. A clear, warm gel is applied to the front of your neck to help the ultrasound transducer glide smoothly and conduct sound waves effectively. The technician or radiologist will move the handheld transducer systematically over your neck to capture multiple views and detailed images of the thyroid gland and surrounding tissues. The entire process is painless and usually takes about 20 to 30 minutes.
Risks & Safety:
Thyroid ultrasound is completely safe, painless, and does not involve any radiation exposure. The sound waves used are harmless and pose no risk, making this an ideal imaging choice for evaluating the thyroid at any age, including during pregnancy.
Results:
The resulting images provide detailed information about the size, number, shape, and internal characteristics of thyroid nodules or other abnormalities. Radiologists look for features such as calcifications, cystic changes, vascular patterns, and margins to help distinguish benign from suspicious lesions. These findings are critical in guiding the need for biopsy, further testing, or treatment and in monitoring any changes over time.