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      Albumin/Creatinine Ratio

      The Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a test used to detect and monitor albuminuria, which refers to the presence of albumin (a protein) in the urine.

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      Description

      The Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a test used to detect and monitor albuminuria, which refers to the presence of albumin (a protein) in the urine. The test measures the ratio of albumin to creatinine in a single urine sample, providing an estimate of albumin excretion and helping assess kidney function.

      Why is it checked?

      1. Screening for Kidney Disease
      • Detects early signs of kidney damage, especially in individuals at high risk, such as those with diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease.
      1. Monitoring Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
      • Tracks the progression of CKD or response to treatment over time.
      1. Assessing Cardiovascular Risk
      • Albuminuria is a marker of systemic vascular damage and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
      1. Detecting Glomerular Damage
      • Indicates damage to the glomeruli (the kidney’s filtering units), often due to conditions like diabetic nephropathy or glomerulonephritis.

      How it works

      • Albumin is a protein that should normally be retained in the blood.
      • Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism that is excreted consistently in urine.
      • By calculating the ratio of albumin to creatinine, the test accounts for variations in urine concentration, providing a standardized measurement.

      Normal vs. Abnormal ACR Values

      CategoryACR (mg/g)InterpretationNormal<30No significant albuminuria.Microalbuminuria30–300Early kidney damage, often reversible with treatment.Macroalbuminuria>300Significant kidney damage; requires further evaluation.Symptoms Leading to Testing

      The ACR test is often ordered for individuals with:

      1. Diabetes or Hypertension
      • Early detection of diabetic nephropathy or hypertensive kidney disease.
      1. Symptoms of Kidney Disease
      • Swelling in legs, ankles, or around the eyes.
      • Foamy urine (indicating protein presence).
      • Fatigue, nausea, or loss of appetite.
      1. High Cardiovascular Risk
      • To assess risk of heart attack or stroke in certain populations.

      Significance

      • Low ACR (<30 mg/g): Indicates healthy kidney function.
      • Elevated ACR (30–300 mg/g): Suggests early kidney damage; lifestyle changes, blood pressure, and glucose control are crucial.
      • Very High ACR (>300 mg/g): Indicates severe kidney damage, potentially progressing to kidney failure if untreated.

      Monitoring and Management

      • ACR is often repeated regularly in patients with chronic conditions like diabetes.
      • If elevated, interventions include:
      • Optimizing blood sugar and blood pressure control.
      • Prescribing medications such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs to protect the kidneys.
      • Lifestyle changes, including dietary adjustments and exercise.

      By identifying kidney damage early, the ACR test plays a critical role in preventing complications and slowing disease progression.

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      Albumin/Creatinine Ratio

      1,215 NPR

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