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    Albumin/Creatinine Ratio

    The Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a test used to detect and monitor albuminuria, which refers to the presence of albumin (a protein) in the urine.

    Chhusya Bahal (Chhusya Galli), Jyatha, Thamel, Kathmandu 44600, Bagmati
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    Description

    The Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a test used to detect and monitor albuminuria, which refers to the presence of albumin (a protein) in the urine. The test measures the ratio of albumin to creatinine in a single urine sample, providing an estimate of albumin excretion and helping assess kidney function.

    Why is it checked?

    1. Screening for Kidney Disease
    • Detects early signs of kidney damage, especially in individuals at high risk, such as those with diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease.
    1. Monitoring Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
    • Tracks the progression of CKD or response to treatment over time.
    1. Assessing Cardiovascular Risk
    • Albuminuria is a marker of systemic vascular damage and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
    1. Detecting Glomerular Damage
    • Indicates damage to the glomeruli (the kidney’s filtering units), often due to conditions like diabetic nephropathy or glomerulonephritis.

    How it works

    • Albumin is a protein that should normally be retained in the blood.
    • Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism that is excreted consistently in urine.
    • By calculating the ratio of albumin to creatinine, the test accounts for variations in urine concentration, providing a standardized measurement.

    Normal vs. Abnormal ACR Values

    CategoryACR (mg/g)InterpretationNormal<30No significant albuminuria.Microalbuminuria30–300Early kidney damage, often reversible with treatment.Macroalbuminuria>300Significant kidney damage; requires further evaluation.Symptoms Leading to Testing

    The ACR test is often ordered for individuals with:

    1. Diabetes or Hypertension
    • Early detection of diabetic nephropathy or hypertensive kidney disease.
    1. Symptoms of Kidney Disease
    • Swelling in legs, ankles, or around the eyes.
    • Foamy urine (indicating protein presence).
    • Fatigue, nausea, or loss of appetite.
    1. High Cardiovascular Risk
    • To assess risk of heart attack or stroke in certain populations.

    Significance

    • Low ACR (<30 mg/g): Indicates healthy kidney function.
    • Elevated ACR (30–300 mg/g): Suggests early kidney damage; lifestyle changes, blood pressure, and glucose control are crucial.
    • Very High ACR (>300 mg/g): Indicates severe kidney damage, potentially progressing to kidney failure if untreated.

    Monitoring and Management

    • ACR is often repeated regularly in patients with chronic conditions like diabetes.
    • If elevated, interventions include:
    • Optimizing blood sugar and blood pressure control.
    • Prescribing medications such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs to protect the kidneys.
    • Lifestyle changes, including dietary adjustments and exercise.

    By identifying kidney damage early, the ACR test plays a critical role in preventing complications and slowing disease progression.

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    Albumin/Creatinine Ratio

    1,215 NPR