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    Angiotensin concerting Enzyme(ACE)

    Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) itself does not directly "cause" diseases or symptoms but plays a significant role in the physiological processes that can lead to certain conditions...

    Chhusya Bahal (Chhusya Galli), Jyatha, Thamel, Kathmandu 44600, Bagmati
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    Description

    Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) itself does not directly "cause" diseases or symptoms but plays a significant role in the physiological processes that can lead to certain conditions, particularly those involving blood pressure and fluid balance. Below is a breakdown of the causes, symptoms, and preventive approaches related to ACE and its overactivity or dysregulation.

    Causes Related to ACE Overactivity

    1. Increased Angiotensin II Production:
    • Elevated activity of ACE can lead to excessive production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
    • This can result in hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
    1. Decreased Bradykinin Levels:
    • ACE also breaks down bradykinin, a vasodilatory peptide. Overactivity reduces bradykinin, exacerbating hypertension and inflammation.
    1. Genetic Factors:
    • Certain genetic polymorphisms, such as the ACE I/D polymorphism, may influence ACE levels and activity, predisposing individuals to hypertension or cardiovascular disease.
    1. RAAS Dysregulation:
    • Conditions like renal artery stenosis or chronic kidney disease can lead to overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), increasing ACE activity indirectly.

    Symptoms of ACE Dysregulation

    Symptoms are usually related to the effects of excessive angiotensin II and insufficient bradykinin:

    Cardiovascular Symptoms:

    • Persistent high blood pressure (hypertension).
    • Shortness of breath or chest pain, often due to heart strain or congestive heart failure.
    • Edema (swelling), particularly in the lower extremities.

    Renal Symptoms:

    • Increased thirst or urination due to altered kidney function.
    • Reduced urine output in advanced kidney dysfunction.

    Systemic Symptoms:

    • Fatigue and weakness due to poor oxygen delivery and fluid imbalance.
    • Headaches, especially from sustained high blood pressure.

    Prevention and Management

    Preventive strategies focus on controlling ACE activity and its downstream effects:

    1. Lifestyle Modifications:
    • Diet: Reduce salt intake, maintain a balanced diet rich in potassium, magnesium, and fiber.
    • Exercise: Engage in regular aerobic physical activity to improve cardiovascular health.
    • Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on the heart and vascular system.
    • Avoid Smoking: Smoking exacerbates vascular damage and worsens RAAS dysregulation.
    1. Medications:
    • ACE Inhibitors: Drugs like enalapril, lisinopril, or captopril directly inhibit ACE, reducing angiotensin II levels.
    • Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs): For those intolerant to ACE inhibitors, ARBs like losartan or valsartan block angiotensin II effects.
    1. Monitoring and Early Intervention:
    • Regular blood pressure monitoring.
    • Routine check-ups for kidney function and cardiovascular health, especially for high-risk individuals.
    1. Genetic Screening:
    • Genetic screening for ACE polymorphisms may guide preventive care in cases with a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases.


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    Angiotensin concerting Enzyme(ACE)

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