Bicarbonate is a substance in your blood that helps keep your body’s pH (acid and base levels) balanced. Think of it as a natural "buffer" that prevents your blood from becoming too acidic or too basic.

What does bicarbonate do?

• It works like a sponge for acids, helping to "soak them up" and keep your body’s systems running smoothly.
• It also helps your body deal with carbon dioxide (CO₂), a waste product made by your cells.

Why is it tested?

Doctors check bicarbonate levels in your blood to see:

1. If your body’s acid and base balance is okay.

• Too much acid (low bicarbonate) = acidosis.
• Too little acid (high bicarbonate) = alkalosis.

1. If your lungs or kidneys are working properly, because these organs help control bicarbonate levels.

Normal bicarbonate levels:

• 22 to 28 mmol/L (This is the amount usually found in healthy people.)

What does it mean if bicarbonate is low?

It might mean:

• Your body is too acidic.
• Possible causes:
• Diabetes (ketoacidosis), kidney problems, or diarrhea (losing bicarbonate through stools).

What does it mean if bicarbonate is high?

It might mean:

• Your body has too little acid or too much base.
• Possible causes:
• Long-term vomiting, taking too many antacids, or some medications like diuretics.

What symptoms might you feel?

• If bicarbonate is low: You might feel tired, confused, or breathe faster.
• If bicarbonate is high: You might feel dizzy, have muscle cramps, or breathe slower.